いま、1型糖尿病は
2006年12月14日
Metabolic Syndrome Could Be Caused “Also” By Insulin Injection?
Metabolic syndrome
These days, we often hear the word “metabolic syndrome.” The other day, it was talked about in a radio program hosted by a celebrity and fondly referred to as “metabo”. (laugh)
In addition to being obese, when one has two of the following conditions: hypertension, hyperlipidemia and high blood glucose level (even if it is of mild degree), that is called metabolic syndrome. It is because it has become clear that one is likely to develop myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction down the road if these levels continue to stay high.
The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare is desperate to do something about metabolic syndrome urging the public to lose weight as the first step of the treatment.
Insulin resistance
Obesity, blood pressure, serum lipid (cholesterol, triglyceride etc.) and blood glucose are closely related with one another. It is thought that when one becomes obese, blood pressure, serum lipid level and blood glucose level also rise. That is, the roots of these four conditions are the same.
This can be also rephrased as “one has insulin resistance” meaning that although there is enough insulin secretion in the body, the insulin’s power to lower blood sugar level becomes weak. In other words, “muscle, fat tissue and the liver on which insulin is supposed to work become resistant to insulin.”
It has also become known recently that hormone-like substance which reduces the effectiveness of insulin is secreted from fat tissue.
Thrifty genes
“Insulin-resistant body” may be the fate of human beings who survived the time when there was little to eat in the remote past. It is thought that our ancestors came to have “thrifty genes” so that they could gain enough energy even from small intake of food since there was little to eat. It is also said that humans with many thrifty genes lived a long and prosperous life.
Having type 2 diabetes constitution could be considered the same as having many thrifty genes. Modern human beings have inherited thrifty genes from ancestors more or less.
Arterial sclerosis
Much controversy still exists over how to define metabolic syndrome or how to regard this pathologic condition, and there is no globally-standardized view on this yet. Even so, if your father is slightly plump, has slightly high blood pressure and blood glucose level, and has a habit of smoking, it becomes worrisome that he may develop the conditions explained above. In other words, his arteries start to become stiff from early on.
Of course, our arteries do become stiff as we age, so we will all have hardening of the arteries eventually. If the degree of stiffening of our arteries is commensurate with our age, we probably do not have to worry about it.
Obesity among type 1 diabetes patients
Unlike in the past, type 1 patients today have a good build. It used to be that type 1 patients were usually rather thin regardless of good or poor blood glucose control.
Probably because it has recently become known better that type 1 diabetes patients can eat normally, patients today have a better build, taller and sometimes even obese. I could even mistake an obese type 1 patient for a type 2 patient on insulin.
Obesity brings about concerns for high blood pressure, high cholesterol and uric acid levels.
There are researchers who even say that diabetes complications are caused by these levels being high.
Changing with times
“What kind of disease is type 1 diabetes?” This is called the concept of type 1 diabetes. However, the concept of type 1 diabetes seems to have been changing with times.
There are cases where parents have type 2 diabetes and their child developed type 1 diabetes. Thus, it is no longer strange to have type 1 diabetes with insulin resistance.
In fact, there is a researcher in England who states that children growing up big are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes. Before this can be verified, there has to be a lot of research to be done.
©2006 Yasuko Uchigata
インスリン注射によって“も”引き起こされるメタボリックシンドローム?
肥満に加えて、高血圧、高脂血症、高血糖値(軽度であっても)のどれか2つをもつときメタボリックシンドロームと呼ぶことになりました。なぜなら血糖値以外にもこれらの値が高いまま続くと、将来心筋梗塞や脳梗塞などになりやすいことがわかってきたからです。
メタボリックシンドローム治療の第1は「まず、痩せましょう」と、いま厚生労働省もやっきになっている病態です。
これは「インスリン抵抗性がある」と表現することもできます。「体内に
インスリンの効きを悪くするホルモン様物質が脂肪組織から分泌されていることも最近知られてきました。
2型糖尿病の糖尿病体質をもつということはこの「節約遺伝子を多くもっている」ことと同じと考えていいですね。現代の人類は多かれ少なかれこの遺伝子を祖先からもらってきたことになります。
もちろん年を取るということは、なにをかくそう動脈が硬化することでありますので、だれでも最後は動脈硬化を起こしてくるのですが、自分が年相応の動脈硬化の状態なら、まあよろしいと考えていいでしょうね。
1型糖尿病の食事は普通のままでいいのだ、ということが最近浸透してきたためか、最近は体格がよく、身長の伸びがよく、時には肥満じゃないの?という方も多くみかけるようになりました。肥満1型糖尿病の方などは、もしかしたら2型糖尿病でインスリン注射しているのかしら、と一見見間違えるほどです。 肥満していますと、やはり血圧が上がってきたり、コレステロールが高くなってきたり、尿酸値が高くなってきたりと、こちらのほうも心配になってきます。
糖尿病合併症がこれらの値が高いことが原因で起こってくるのではないか、という研究者もでてきました。
ご両親が2型糖尿病で、自分は1型糖尿病を発症したという場合もあります。よって、インスリン抵抗性をもった1型糖尿病というのも、おかしい話しではなくなってきます。
現に、英国の研究者は、大きく成長する子どもの方が1型糖尿病を発症しやすいのではないか、ということを言っています。これはこれからまだまだ研究していかなければならないところです。
※ヘモグロビンA1c(HbA1c)等の表記は記事の公開時期の値を表示しています。
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